{
 "publisher": "DwellDelta, a service of Xcelerent Pty Ltd",
 "built": "2026-10-19",
 "indicators": [
  {
   "id": "cash_rate",
   "name": "RBA cash rate target",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 4.6,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-10-01",
   "source": "Reserve Bank of Australia, cash rate target (statistical table F1).",
   "licence": "Used under the RBA's permission for personal or commercial use; no endorsement by the RBA is implied.",
   "change": {
    "value": 1.0,
    "unit": "points",
    "over": "year"
   },
   "limit": "Last changed 2026-09-30. The price of overnight money between banks, not a mortgage rate."
  },
  {
   "id": "unemployment_rate_nsw",
   "name": "Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted",
   "geography": "NSW",
   "value": 4.71,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-09",
   "source": "ABS Labour Force, Australia (6202.0), Table 10: labour force status by state, monthly, seasonally adjusted.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "change": {
    "value": 0.49,
    "unit": "points",
    "over": "year"
   },
   "limit": "From a sample survey; one month can move a few tenths of a point by chance."
  },
  {
   "id": "unemployment_rate_australia",
   "name": "Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 4.72,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-09",
   "source": "ABS Labour Force, Australia (6202.0), Table 10: labour force status by state, monthly, seasonally adjusted.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "change": {
    "value": 0.29,
    "unit": "points",
    "over": "year"
   },
   "limit": "From a sample survey; one month can move a few tenths of a point by chance."
  },
  {
   "id": "wage_growth_nsw",
   "name": "Wage Price Index, change over the year",
   "geography": "NSW",
   "value": 3.09,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "ABS Wage Price Index (6345.0), Table 2b: total hourly rates of pay excluding bonuses, all sectors by state, original, quarterly.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "limit": "Pay rates for the same jobs, not household income."
  },
  {
   "id": "wage_growth_australia",
   "name": "Wage Price Index, change over the year",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 3.2,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "ABS Wage Price Index (6345.0), Table 2b: total hourly rates of pay excluding bonuses, all sectors by state, original, quarterly.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "limit": "Pay rates for the same jobs, not household income."
  },
  {
   "id": "rents_sydney",
   "name": "ABS rents index, change over the year",
   "geography": "Sydney",
   "value": 3.5,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-08",
   "source": "ABS Consumer Price Index (6401.0), Table 10: rents index by capital city, monthly, original. The monthly series begins 2022-07 with the ABS monthly CPI indicator.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "limit": "What tenants pay across new and continuing leases, city-wide; not advertised rents."
  },
  {
   "id": "rents_adelaide",
   "name": "ABS rents index, change over the year",
   "geography": "Adelaide",
   "value": 4.1,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-08",
   "source": "ABS Consumer Price Index (6401.0), Table 10: rents index by capital city, monthly, original. The monthly series begins 2022-07 with the ABS monthly CPI indicator.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "limit": "City-wide; not advertised rents."
  },
  {
   "id": "rents_brisbane",
   "name": "ABS rents index, change over the year",
   "geography": "Brisbane",
   "value": 4.7,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-08",
   "source": "ABS Consumer Price Index (6401.0), Table 10: rents index by capital city, monthly, original. The monthly series begins 2022-07 with the ABS monthly CPI indicator.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "limit": "City-wide; not advertised rents."
  },
  {
   "id": "rents_canberra",
   "name": "ABS rents index, change over the year",
   "geography": "Canberra",
   "value": 1.4,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-08",
   "source": "ABS Consumer Price Index (6401.0), Table 10: rents index by capital city, monthly, original. The monthly series begins 2022-07 with the ABS monthly CPI indicator.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "limit": "City-wide; not advertised rents."
  },
  {
   "id": "rents_darwin",
   "name": "ABS rents index, change over the year",
   "geography": "Darwin",
   "value": 6.3,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-08",
   "source": "ABS Consumer Price Index (6401.0), Table 10: rents index by capital city, monthly, original. The monthly series begins 2022-07 with the ABS monthly CPI indicator.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "limit": "City-wide; not advertised rents."
  },
  {
   "id": "rents_hobart",
   "name": "ABS rents index, change over the year",
   "geography": "Hobart",
   "value": 3.1,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-08",
   "source": "ABS Consumer Price Index (6401.0), Table 10: rents index by capital city, monthly, original. The monthly series begins 2022-07 with the ABS monthly CPI indicator.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "limit": "City-wide; not advertised rents."
  },
  {
   "id": "rents_melbourne",
   "name": "ABS rents index, change over the year",
   "geography": "Melbourne",
   "value": 2.5,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-08",
   "source": "ABS Consumer Price Index (6401.0), Table 10: rents index by capital city, monthly, original. The monthly series begins 2022-07 with the ABS monthly CPI indicator.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "limit": "City-wide; not advertised rents."
  },
  {
   "id": "rents_perth",
   "name": "ABS rents index, change over the year",
   "geography": "Perth",
   "value": 5.3,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-08",
   "source": "ABS Consumer Price Index (6401.0), Table 10: rents index by capital city, monthly, original. The monthly series begins 2022-07 with the ABS monthly CPI indicator.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "limit": "City-wide; not advertised rents."
  },
  {
   "id": "new_lending_investor",
   "name": "New housing loan commitments to investors, seasonally adjusted",
   "geography": "NSW",
   "value": 12.6,
   "unit": "AUD billion per quarter",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "ABS Lending Indicators (5601.0), Tables 4 and 14, seasonally adjusted, new loan commitments excluding refinancing, $ millions",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "change": {
    "value": -1.0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "over": "year"
   },
   "limit": "Excludes refinancing. The ABS publishes this in $ millions; shown here in $ billion."
  },
  {
   "id": "new_lending_owner_occupier",
   "name": "New housing loan commitments to owner-occupiers, seasonally adjusted",
   "geography": "NSW",
   "value": 17.39,
   "unit": "AUD billion per quarter",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "ABS Lending Indicators (5601.0), Tables 4 and 14, seasonally adjusted, new loan commitments excluding refinancing, $ millions",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "change": {
    "value": 3.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "over": "year"
   },
   "limit": "Excludes refinancing. The ABS publishes this in $ millions; shown here in $ billion."
  },
  {
   "id": "apra_interest_only",
   "name": "Share of new lending that is interest-only",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 23.62,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "APRA Quarterly authorised deposit-taking institution property exposures statistics, all ADIs",
   "licence": "CC BY 3.0 AU",
   "attribution": "Australian Prudential Regulation Authority",
   "change": {
    "value": 1.5,
    "unit": "points",
    "over": "quarter"
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "apra_lvr80",
   "name": "Share of new lending above 80% loan-to-value",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 29.72,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "APRA Quarterly authorised deposit-taking institution property exposures statistics, all ADIs",
   "licence": "CC BY 3.0 AU",
   "attribution": "Australian Prudential Regulation Authority",
   "change": {
    "value": -0.98,
    "unit": "points",
    "over": "quarter"
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "apra_dti6",
   "name": "Share of new lending at six times income or more",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 5.42,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "APRA Quarterly authorised deposit-taking institution property exposures statistics, all ADIs",
   "licence": "CC BY 3.0 AU",
   "attribution": "Australian Prudential Regulation Authority",
   "change": {
    "value": -0.8,
    "unit": "points",
    "over": "quarter"
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "apra_arrears",
   "name": "Loans 30-89 days in arrears",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 0.54,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "APRA Quarterly authorised deposit-taking institution property exposures statistics, all ADIs",
   "licence": "CC BY 3.0 AU",
   "attribution": "Australian Prudential Regulation Authority",
   "change": {
    "value": 0.05,
    "unit": "points",
    "over": "quarter"
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "apra_npl",
   "name": "Non-performing loans",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 1.01,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "APRA Quarterly authorised deposit-taking institution property exposures statistics, all ADIs",
   "licence": "CC BY 3.0 AU",
   "attribution": "Australian Prudential Regulation Authority",
   "change": {
    "value": 0.02,
    "unit": "points",
    "over": "quarter"
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "commercial_property_exposures",
   "name": "Commercial property: loans outstanding, banks and other deposit-takers",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 501.59,
   "unit": "AUD billion",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "APRA Quarterly authorised deposit-taking institution property exposures statistics, all ADIs",
   "licence": "CC BY 3.0 AU",
   "attribution": "Australian Prudential Regulation Authority",
   "change": {
    "value": 8.3,
    "unit": "percent",
    "over": "year"
   },
   "limit": "Commercial property, not housing: what banks and other deposit-takers reporting to APRA have lent against offices, shops, industrial property, land and development - including $67 billion against residential development and investment blocks (APRA's 'other residential') and their lending outside Australia. Non-bank and foreign lenders are left out.",
   "sector": "commercial"
  },
  {
   "id": "commercial_property_office",
   "name": "Commercial property: loans outstanding against office property",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 119.98,
   "unit": "AUD billion",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "APRA Quarterly authorised deposit-taking institution property exposures statistics, all ADIs",
   "licence": "CC BY 3.0 AU",
   "attribution": "Australian Prudential Regulation Authority",
   "change": {
    "value": -0.4,
    "unit": "percent",
    "over": "year"
   },
   "limit": "One part of the commercial property total, not housing; deposit-takers reporting to APRA only.",
   "sector": "commercial"
  },
  {
   "id": "commercial_property_retail",
   "name": "Commercial property: loans outstanding against retail property",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 120.91,
   "unit": "AUD billion",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "APRA Quarterly authorised deposit-taking institution property exposures statistics, all ADIs",
   "licence": "CC BY 3.0 AU",
   "attribution": "Australian Prudential Regulation Authority",
   "change": {
    "value": 7.8,
    "unit": "percent",
    "over": "year"
   },
   "limit": "One part of the commercial property total, not housing; deposit-takers reporting to APRA only.",
   "sector": "commercial"
  },
  {
   "id": "commercial_property_industrial",
   "name": "Commercial property: loans outstanding against industrial property",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 97.77,
   "unit": "AUD billion",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "APRA Quarterly authorised deposit-taking institution property exposures statistics, all ADIs",
   "licence": "CC BY 3.0 AU",
   "attribution": "Australian Prudential Regulation Authority",
   "change": {
    "value": 10.0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "over": "year"
   },
   "limit": "One part of the commercial property total, not housing; deposit-takers reporting to APRA only.",
   "sector": "commercial"
  },
  {
   "id": "commercial_property_npl",
   "name": "Commercial property: non-performing loans, share of loans outstanding",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 0.56,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "APRA Quarterly authorised deposit-taking institution property exposures statistics, all ADIs",
   "licence": "CC BY 3.0 AU",
   "attribution": "Australian Prudential Regulation Authority",
   "change": {
    "value": -0.07,
    "unit": "points",
    "over": "quarter"
   },
   "limit": "Share of the commercial property loans outstanding that are non-performing, from APRA's two amounts; not the housing figure of the same name.",
   "sector": "commercial"
  },
  {
   "id": "approvals",
   "name": "Dwellings approved, seasonally adjusted",
   "geography": "NSW",
   "value": 13848.0,
   "unit": "dwellings per quarter",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "ABS Building Approvals (8731.0), Table 7: total dwelling units approved by state, seasonally adjusted, monthly",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "change": {
    "value": -1.6,
    "unit": "percent",
    "over": "year"
   },
   "limit": "Not every approval is built; those that are finish a year or two later."
  },
  {
   "id": "completions",
   "name": "Dwellings completed, seasonally adjusted",
   "geography": "NSW",
   "value": 13332.0,
   "unit": "dwellings per quarter",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "ABS Building Activity, Australia (8752.0), Table 38: dwelling units completed by state, all types and sectors, quarterly, seasonally adjusted.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "change": {
    "value": 43.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "over": "year"
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "housing_credit_owner_occupied",
   "name": "Housing loans outstanding to owner-occupiers, banks and other deposit-takers",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 1685.48,
   "unit": "AUD billion",
   "period": "2026-08",
   "source": "APRA Monthly Authorised Deposit-taking Institution Statistics, back-series, Table 1: loans to households for housing, owner-occupied and investment, $ million, totalled over all reporting ADIs.",
   "licence": "CC BY 3.0 AU",
   "attribution": "Based on APRA Monthly Authorised Deposit-taking Institution Statistics",
   "change": {
    "value": 5.15,
    "unit": "percent",
    "over": "year"
   },
   "limit": "Every loan still owed, not new lending; deposit-takers that report to APRA, so non-bank lenders are left out. In 2026-08 Westpac Banking Corporation's housing book fell $14.1 billion, a transfer or reclassification rather than lending, so growth is understated by it."
  },
  {
   "id": "housing_credit_investment",
   "name": "Housing loans outstanding to investors, banks and other deposit-takers",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 818.2,
   "unit": "AUD billion",
   "period": "2026-08",
   "source": "APRA Monthly Authorised Deposit-taking Institution Statistics, back-series, Table 1: loans to households for housing, owner-occupied and investment, $ million, totalled over all reporting ADIs.",
   "licence": "CC BY 3.0 AU",
   "attribution": "Based on APRA Monthly Authorised Deposit-taking Institution Statistics",
   "change": {
    "value": 7.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "over": "year"
   },
   "limit": "Every loan still owed, not new lending; deposit-takers that report to APRA, so non-bank lenders are left out. In 2026-08 Westpac Banking Corporation's housing book fell $14.1 billion, a transfer or reclassification rather than lending, so growth is understated by it."
  },
  {
   "id": "housing_credit_investor_share",
   "name": "Investor share of housing loans outstanding, deposit-takers",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 32.68,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-08",
   "source": "APRA Monthly Authorised Deposit-taking Institution Statistics, back-series, Table 1: loans to households for housing, owner-occupied and investment, $ million, totalled over all reporting ADIs.",
   "licence": "CC BY 3.0 AU",
   "attribution": "Based on APRA Monthly Authorised Deposit-taking Institution Statistics",
   "limit": "Share of the stock of loans, which moves slowly; not the share of new lending."
  },
  {
   "id": "nonbank_mortgages",
   "name": "Residential mortgages held by securitisers",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 176.05,
   "unit": "AUD billion",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "ABS Assets and Liabilities of Australian Securitisers (5232.0.55.001), Table 3: residential mortgages and total loans held by securitisers, $ million, original, quarterly.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "change": {
    "value": 16.78,
    "unit": "percent",
    "over": "year"
   },
   "limit": "Mortgages packaged into securities, mostly by non-bank lenders; banks' own securitised loans can appear here too, so it is not non-bank lending alone."
  },
  {
   "id": "mortgage_interest_charges",
   "name": "Mortgage interest charges paid by employee households, change over the year",
   "geography": "Australia",
   "value": 2.8,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "ABS Selected Living Cost Indexes (6467.0), Table 3: mortgage interest charges, employee households, index and percentage changes, quarterly.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "limit": "Interest actually charged on existing mortgages, from the ABS living cost indexes; not a rate on offer. It moved 8.2% in the quarter alone."
  },
  {
   "id": "building_input_costs_sydney",
   "name": "Prices of inputs to house construction, change over the year",
   "geography": "Sydney",
   "value": 3.5,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "ABS Producer Price Indexes (6427.0), Table 18: input to the house construction industry, six state capital cities, weighted average and city, all groups, original, quarterly.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "limit": "What builders pay for materials, not the price of a new home; labour and land are left out."
  },
  {
   "id": "building_input_costs_six_capitals",
   "name": "Prices of inputs to house construction, change over the year",
   "geography": "Six capital cities",
   "value": 3.77,
   "unit": "percent",
   "period": "2026-06",
   "source": "ABS Producer Price Indexes (6427.0), Table 18: input to the house construction industry, six state capital cities, weighted average and city, all groups, original, quarterly.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data",
   "limit": "What builders pay for materials, not the price of a new home; labour and land are left out."
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "source": "ABS Assets and Liabilities of Australian Securitisers (5232.0.55.001), Table 3: residential mortgages and total loans held by securitisers, $ million, original, quarterly.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data"
  },
  {
   "source": "ABS Building Activity, Australia (8752.0), Table 38: dwelling units completed by state, all types and sectors, quarterly, seasonally adjusted.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data"
  },
  {
   "source": "ABS Building Approvals (8731.0), Table 7: total dwelling units approved by state, seasonally adjusted, monthly",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data"
  },
  {
   "source": "ABS Consumer Price Index (6401.0), Table 10: rents index by capital city, monthly, original. The monthly series begins 2022-07 with the ABS monthly CPI indicator.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data"
  },
  {
   "source": "ABS Labour Force, Australia (6202.0), Table 10: labour force status by state, monthly, seasonally adjusted.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data"
  },
  {
   "source": "ABS Lending Indicators (5601.0), Tables 4 and 14, seasonally adjusted, new loan commitments excluding refinancing, $ millions",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data"
  },
  {
   "source": "ABS Producer Price Indexes (6427.0), Table 18: input to the house construction industry, six state capital cities, weighted average and city, all groups, original, quarterly.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data"
  },
  {
   "source": "ABS Selected Living Cost Indexes (6467.0), Table 3: mortgage interest charges, employee households, index and percentage changes, quarterly.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data"
  },
  {
   "source": "ABS Wage Price Index (6345.0), Table 2b: total hourly rates of pay excluding bonuses, all sectors by state, original, quarterly.",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "attribution": "Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data"
  },
  {
   "source": "APRA Monthly Authorised Deposit-taking Institution Statistics, back-series, Table 1: loans to households for housing, owner-occupied and investment, $ million, totalled over all reporting ADIs.",
   "licence": "CC BY 3.0 AU",
   "attribution": "Based on APRA Monthly Authorised Deposit-taking Institution Statistics"
  },
  {
   "source": "APRA Quarterly authorised deposit-taking institution property exposures statistics, all ADIs",
   "licence": "CC BY 3.0 AU",
   "attribution": "Australian Prudential Regulation Authority"
  },
  {
   "source": "Reserve Bank of Australia, cash rate target (statistical table F1).",
   "licence": "Used under the RBA's permission for personal or commercial use; no endorsement by the RBA is implied.",
   "attribution": ""
  }
 ],
 "cannot_answer": [
  "What any individual home sold for, or what it rents for today: the NSW datasets that hold those are licensed for non-commercial use only.",
  "Rents for a street, for a home of a given size, or for any area of South Australia, Tasmania, the ACT or the Northern Territory: the ABS rents index is city-wide. Median rents of new bonds, all dwellings together, are published by area for four states, each file with its own source, licence and limits and never to be pooled: Victoria by suburb group, https://tools.dwelldelta.com.au/market/vic-rents.json (Homes Victoria, CC BY 4.0); NSW by postcode, https://tools.dwelldelta.com.au/market/nsw-rents.json (NSW Department of Communities and Justice, CC BY 4.0); Queensland by suburb, https://tools.dwelldelta.com.au/market/qld-rents.json (Residential Tenancies Authority, CC BY 4.0); Western Australia by locality, https://tools.dwelldelta.com.au/market/wa-rents.json (calculated by DwellDelta from the Government of Western Australia's bond records, CC BY 4.0).",
  "Advice of any kind: every figure here is information, not financial or tenancy advice."
 ],
 "rules": "Every figure is observed data with its period and source; none is a forecast or advice."
}